题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
A. in advance
B. in turn
C. in exchange
D. in case
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summarize the main message of the excerpt, and then
comment on whether we should use animals for experimentation purpose or not
You should support yourself with information from the excerpt.
Marks will be awarded for content relevance, content sufficiency, organization and language quality. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
Historical Debate on Animal Experimentation
As the experimentation on animals increased, especially the practice of vivisection, so did criticism and controversy. In 1655, the advocate of Galenic physiology Edmund O'Meara said that "the miserable torture of vivisection places the body in an unnatural state." O'Meara and others argued that animal physiology could be affected by pain during vivisection, rendering results unreliable. There were also objections on an ethical basis, contending that the benefit to humans did not justify the harm to animals. Early objections to animal testing also came from another angle — many people believed that animals were inferior to humans and so different that results from animals could not be applied to humans.
On the other side of the debate, those in favor of animal testing held that experiments on animals were necessary to advance medical and biological knowledge. Claude Bernard — who is sometimes known as the " prince of vivisectors" and the father of physiology, and whose wife, Marie Frangoise Martin, founded the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883 — famously wrote in 1865 that "the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen . Arguing that experiments on animals ...are entirely conclusive for the toxicology and hygiene of man ... the effects of these substances are the same on man as on animals, save for differences in degree, Bernard established animal experimentation as part of the standard scientific method.
The British Summer
Britain is well known for its rainy climate. People joke that even in the summer time the country never gets any sun and that the skies stay disappointingly grey even during the months of July and August. Last summer though, it was so hot that people could hardly believe it. British people weren't used to such high temperatures, so every day on the news there were stories about people struggling to work in such unusual weather conditions. Radio and television programmers also reminded everyone to drink more water and not to stay too long in the sun.
When the sun comes out, British people tend to spend time in their garden if they have one. It’s common to invite friends and neighbours around for a barbecue, where everyone sits outside and eats food like grilled meat (烤肉)and salads. There's always a back-up plan in case of rain though, and the meal sometimes has to be cooked in the kitchen and eaten indoors. People also spend a lot of time in parks during the summer, having picnics or playing sports. In every green area, there’s always at least one ice cream van, a kind of car that plays children’s music and sells ice creams. Towns like Blackpool and Brighton are popular for their beaches and amusement arcades(游乐场).People go there to swim, sunbathe and eat fish and chips. The water can be quite cold, though, and that’s why quite a lot of people prefer to go abroad for their summer holiday instead. Popular destinations include Spain, Germany and France: all countries that promise a lot of sunshine!
1、There is little sunshine in Britain in summer.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
2、British people like to tell jokes about each other.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
3、It was unusually hot last summer in Britain.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
4、British people enjoyed the high temperatures of last summer.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
5、The media advised people to enjoy the sunshine.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
6、Most British people have a garden of their own.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
7、People having a barbecue often have a plan against the rain.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
8、Children like the music from the ice cream vans.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
9、Blackpool and Brighton are known for their beaches.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
10、People go to Spain in summer to enjoy the cooler sea water.()
A. True
B. False
C. Not Given
